Unity3d 基础学习

First Post:

2021-06-21

Last Update:

2023-03-15

Word Count:

Read Time:

10 min

Unity3d 基础学习

注: 本片文章记录自己遇到的一些问题，还有学习记录。

doc: https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/

asset store: https://assetstore.unity.com/

如何使用Unity3d构建一个Android程序

安装好引擎之后，确保有Android Sdk，这个直接从UnityHub中下载即可，创建一个项目，随便拖拖场景，选择File->Build Settings-> Android -> Switch-> Build。点击Build后，选择一个路径保存即可。编译完毕后，可以看到选择的文件夹下出现一个apk文件。

如何修改启动场景

File->Build Settings -> Scenes In Build

选择你的场景即可。

如何打印日志

1	`Debug.Log("My name is " + "i0gan");`

如何修改Transform组件属性

1	`transform.position = new Vector3(x, 0, 0);`

Button点击事件

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class Click_Settings : MonoBehaviour
{
    void Awake () {
        Button button = gameObject.GetComponent<Button>() as Button;// 获取Button组件
        button.onClick.AddListener(ClickedSettings);// 为button的OnClick事件添加监听器，当监听到Click事件时，回调ClickedSettings函数。
    }
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        
    }

    void ClickedSettings() {
        Debug.Log("Hello world");
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        
    }
}

跨脚本调用

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GameObject go = GameObject.Find(“somegameobjectname”);
ScriptB other = (ScriptB) go.GetComponent(typeof(ScriptB));
other.DoSomething();

ref: https://www.pianshen.com/article/5019397567/

ref: https://www.jianshu.com/p/b0d5504a12a4

键盘按下

ref: https://www.cnblogs.com/1138720556Gary/p/9652350.html

void Update()
    {
        if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.UpArrow))
        {
            Vector3 newPos = transform.position;
            newPos.y += speed;
            transform.position = newPos;
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.DownArrow))
        {
            Vector3 newPos = transform.position;
            newPos.y -= speed;
            transform.position = newPos;
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
        {
            Vector3 newPos = transform.position;
            newPos.x -= speed;
            transform.position = newPos;
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow))
        {
            Vector3 newPos = transform.position;
            newPos.x += speed;
            transform.position = newPos;
        }
    }

设置横屏

File->Player Settings -> Player -> Settings for Android -> Resolution and Presentation -> Default Orientation

或者

Edit->Project Settings -> Settings for Android -> Resolution and Presentation -> Default Orientation

ref: https://blog.csdn.net/Wenhao_China/article/details/110328045

使UI跟随屏幕分辨率变化自适应

设置Canvas对象的Canvas Scaler ->UI Scale Mode为Scale With Screen Size

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15020543/article/details/82595179

切换场景

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;//首先要记得引用命名空间

public class ChangeSceneTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    //在unity中 File->Build Settings->把要切换的场景添加到Scenes In Build下面，也可以Add Open Scenes
    //把该脚本的方法添加到场景中切换场景按钮上面的Button->OnClick
   public void OnClick()
    {
        SceneManager.LoadScene("SceneName");//要切换到的场景名
    }
}

播放视频

ref: https://blog.csdn.net/yangwenjie16/article/details/80746699

如何实现控制脚本

创建一个空对象，在此空对象上挂在脚本，若想控制其他对象，在脚本中创建所要控制对象的变量，在可视化视图中拖进该变量中。

如:

1	`public InputField textInput;`

定义好之后，可视化界面赋值即可。

如何通过Button按钮触发脚本的函数

在某脚本中定义好函数后，在Button的可视化界面，在Button->Click下添加一个对象，在视图中选择所要触发的函数即可。

设置后台运行

Settings for PC, Mac & Linux Standalone -> Run In Background

没有声音

1	`There are no audio listeners in the scene. Please ensure there is always one audio listener in the scene`

解决

添加一个audio listener组件在Camara里

ref: https://forum.unity.com/threads/there-are-no-audio-listeners-in-the-scene-thats-actually-fine-right.384596/

如何停顿5秒执行一个方法

nvoke方法可以制定一个函数延迟调用。

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void  TestFunc {
     Debug.Log( "Test" );
}

5秒调用上面的TestFunc函数，可以这样

1	`Invoke( "TestFunc" , 5f);`

每隔几秒重复执行一段代码

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void Start () {
　　StartCoroutine("DoSomething");
}

IEnumerator DoSomething () {
　　while (true) {
　　	//需要重复执行的代码就放于在此处
　　	print("DoSomething Loop");
　　	yield return new  WaitForSeconds (1);
　　}
}

ref: https://blog.csdn.net/yf391005/article/details/94732900?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant_download.none-task-blog-baidujs-2.nonecase&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant_download.none-task-blog-baidujs-2.nonecase

资源获取

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41814169/article/details/88181762

https://github.com/764424567/Unity-plugin

加载场景

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;
public class ClickBack : MonoBehaviour ｛
    public void Click_Back() ｛
        StartCoroutine(Load());
    ｝
    IEnumerator Load()
    ｛
        AsyncOperation op = SceneManager.LoadSceneAsync("index");
        yield return new WaitForEndOfFrame();
        op.allowSceneActivation = true;
    ｝
｝

ref: https://gameinstitute.qq.com/community/detail/129045

退出游戏

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class QuitScene : MonoBehaviour {
    
    void Update () {
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Escape)){//按下ESC键则退出游戏
#if UNITY_EDITOR
            UnityEditor.EditorApplication.isPlaying = false;
#else
        Application.Quit();
#endif
        }

    }
}

ref: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39225721/article/details/90599047

设置图片全屏

https://www.tqwba.com/x_d/jishu/143511.html

Unity调用摄像头获取拍摄画面 1

ref: https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_34791632/article/details/78261893

code

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;
public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    public WebCamTexture cameraTexture;
    public string cameraName = "";
    private string isUser;
    private MeshRenderer renderer;
    void Start()
    {
        renderer = this.GetComponent<MeshRenderer>();
        StartCoroutine(Test1());
    }
    IEnumerator Test1()
    {
        yield return Application.RequestUserAuthorization(UserAuthorization.WebCam);
        bool isUser = Application.HasUserAuthorization(UserAuthorization.WebCam);
        isUser = false;
        if (!isUser)
        {
            WebCamDevice[] devices = WebCamTexture.devices;
            cameraName = devices[0].name;
            cameraTexture = new WebCamTexture(cameraName, 1024, 768,30);
            cameraTexture.Play();
            renderer.material.mainTexture = cameraTexture;
        }
    }
}

Unity调用摄像头获取拍摄画面 2

获取设备信息

ref: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_34162629/article/details/93687008

using UnityEngine;  
using System.Collections;  
public class GetSystemInfo : MonoBehaviour {  
  
    string systemInfo;  
    // Use this for initialization  
    void Start() {  
        systemInfo = "\tTitle:当前系统基础信息：\n设备模型：" + SystemInfo.deviceModel + "\n设备名称：" + SystemInfo.deviceName + "\n设备类型：" + SystemInfo.deviceType +  
            "\n设备唯一标识符：" + SystemInfo.deviceUniqueIdentifier + "\n显卡标识符：" + SystemInfo.graphicsDeviceID +  
            "\n显卡设备名称：" + SystemInfo.graphicsDeviceName + "\n显卡厂商：" + SystemInfo.graphicsDeviceVendor +  
            "\n显卡厂商ID:" + SystemInfo.graphicsDeviceVendorID + "\n显卡支持版本:" + SystemInfo.graphicsDeviceVersion +  
            "\n显存（M）：" + SystemInfo.graphicsMemorySize + "\n显卡像素填充率(百万像素/秒)，-1未知填充率：" + SystemInfo.graphicsPixelFillrate +  
            "\n显卡支持Shader层级：" + SystemInfo.graphicsShaderLevel + "\n支持最大图片尺寸：" + SystemInfo.maxTextureSize +  
            "\nnpotSupport：" + SystemInfo.npotSupport + "\n操作系统：" + SystemInfo.operatingSystem +  
            "\nCPU处理核数：" + SystemInfo.processorCount + "\nCPU类型：" + SystemInfo.processorType +  
            "\nsupportedRenderTargetCount：" + SystemInfo.supportedRenderTargetCount + "\nsupports3DTextures：" + SystemInfo.supports3DTextures +  
            "\nsupportsAccelerometer：" + SystemInfo.supportsAccelerometer + "\nsupportsComputeShaders：" + SystemInfo.supportsComputeShaders +  
            "\nsupportsGyroscope：" + SystemInfo.supportsGyroscope + "\nsupportsImageEffects：" + SystemInfo.supportsImageEffects +  
            "\nsupportsInstancing：" + SystemInfo.supportsInstancing + "\nsupportsLocationService：" + SystemInfo.supportsLocationService +  
            "\nsupportsRenderTextures：" + SystemInfo.supportsRenderTextures + "\nsupportsRenderToCubemap：" + SystemInfo.supportsRenderToCubemap +  
            "\nsupportsShadows：" + SystemInfo.supportsShadows + "\nsupportsSparseTextures：" + SystemInfo.supportsSparseTextures +  
            "\nsupportsStencil：" + SystemInfo.supportsStencil + "\nsupportsVertexPrograms：" + SystemInfo.supportsVertexPrograms +  
            "\nsupportsVibration：" + SystemInfo.supportsVibration + "\n内存大小：" + SystemInfo.systemMemorySize;  
  
    }  
  
    // Update is called once per frame  
    void OnGUI() {  
        GUILayout.Label(systemInfo);  
    }  
}